Speed-regulating carbureter.



J. F. TWIGG. SPEED REGULATING 'CARBURETER.

APPLIOATION FILED Nov. a, 1909.

1,047,595, I Patented Dec. 1'7, 1912.

I u, I www.

INVENTOR v ATTORNEY JOHN F. TWIGG, 0F SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

SPEED-REGULATING CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 17, 1912.

Application led November 8, 1909. Serial No. 526,784.

To all 'whom 'it may concern:

Beit known that I, JOHN F. Twice, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and count-y of San Francisco and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Speed-Regulating.Carbureters, of which thefollowing is a specicaf tion.

My invention relates to carbureters, and particularly to a carbureter effective to automatically combustion engines.

This invention has for its object the provision of a means for governing the speed of gas engines without the aid of any instrumentalities other than the peculiar construction of the carburetor whereby the richness of the explosive gas delivered to the engine is the factor by which the speed of the engine is controlled.

Inasnnich as the speed of any engine is varied by the load on the engine and is in proportion to the 'operative force in the engine it follows that if, in gas engines, the richness of the gas explosive mixture is varied during the running of the engine and the load is constant the speed will vary; increasing with a rich gas and decreasing with a poor gas. To that end I have provided a carbureter involving elements cooperative to vary the richness of the explosive gas delivered to the engine by reducing the proportion of vapor and increasing the volume of air when the speed increased; and, vice-versa, increasing the vapor volume and reducing the fresh air when the engine slows. Therefore the present invention provides a device having the dual functions of governing the speed of the engine and to atomize the liquid fuel to form a combustible vapor.

The invention consists of the parts and construction, and combination of parts hereinafter more fully described `and claimed, having reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical, central, transverse section through the device. Fig. 2 is a section'of the bonnet Vof the mixing cylinder taken at right angles to Fig. 1 and showing the throttle valve in elevation. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan of the mixing cylinder showing the air valves. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the comparative lengths of the air regulate the speed of internal valves, graduated to the curve of atmospheric pressure. Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view on the line X-X of Fig. 1. j

In the present embodimentI of my inven* tion I employ a suitably shaped body or reservoir A within which is a float 2 having suitable connections with a valve 3 disposed over an inlet passage for gasolene which is delivered to the reservoir from a connection 27.

The fluid is normally maintained at a level indicated at 4 and may rise in a hollow stem 6 projecting down well toward the bot-- tom of the body A and formed upon an up? Wardly and outwardly flared cover 9 flanged to snugly seat, and be bolted on the body. The cover 9 is also forned with an upper face or flange 9a beneath which air may freely circulate and may pass into ports 26 to be hereinafter described, the flange 9 being connected to the main cover 9 by a number of bosses through which the bolts may pass.

Superposed upon the cover, 9, is an intermediate case, 10, having a central chamber 24 and being countersunk on its lower end to provide a hollow shallow annular -channel or recess above the several circular ports 26 arranged in the flange, 9a. There is also provided, in the casing 10, a plurality of plungers or valves 11 of different lengths, slidable in a series of cylindrical passages in the casing, located substantially over the air ports 26 in the cover flange 9a and adapt-- ed to seat thereon-by force of gravity. The top of the casing 10 is covered by a bonnet or throttle head 18 having a semi-circular flue or vapor passage25 the lower portion communicating with the chamber 24, and in th'e upper portion of thelbonnet is mounted the usual throttle valve 23.

Near the bottom of the body A and effective toclose the tubular stem 6 to cut olf the rise of liquid therein is a conical valve@ 5 which may be provided with a relatively flat, large flange 7 having a working fit in a pocket formed in the bottom of the body A. The 'position of the valve -5 relative to its seat on the stem 6 may be nicely adjusted by a suitable device as thescrew 8. When the valve 5 is in open position .gasolene flows up into the stem 6. I have shown the valve 5 as being secured to a tube 13 extending up through the stem 6 and of such a termined by a conically pointed screw 17,

plug 16, the air tube 13 being perforated 5 and thereby effectreduction lin the flow of diameter to have a free movement therein. The lower portion of the tube is perforated at 14 and its upper end projects through and is guided in a dat transverse portion of the wall 22 of the bonnet 18, in which guiding portion thereis a small air port 13 open to the atmosphere and closable by a screwadjacent the port 13 so that fresh air can iow down the tube.

The bonnet, 18, is formed Awith an arcuate hollow dome forming an inclosed gas passageway, 25, and above the flat wall, 22, of the dome is an open passageway permitting air to flow into the small port,'13, controlledby the valve, 16. The flat portion of the bonnet just above the chamber 24 is slightly recessed or pocketed to receive a disk or diaphragm 15 which is secured to or formed with the tube 13 which isl normally under the downward thrust of a suitable resilient member or spring 19.

The degree of pressure of thespring 19 is determined by adjusting the rocker shaft 20 to which it is secured, the adjustment of this shaft being accomplished by means of a suitable handle 21 secured on its outer end. lVhen the lever 21 is moved toward the bonnet the spring 19 exerts greater pressure on the tube 13; when moved back or away, it releases the tube. The upward movement of the valve-carrying air tube may be predein the bonnet 18, against which the upper end of the tube will abut.

When the engine to which the device is applied is running the operation of the speed governing carbureter is as follows: The suction of the engine creates a vacuum inthe passage 25 and in the chamber 24 which draws fresh air through the portv13, down the tube 13 and escapes therefrom through the ports 14 mixing with the fluid in the tubular stem 6. From the mixing stem the vapor flows upward into mixing chamber 24 where it is mixed with a suitable proportion of air which has been drawn in through the ports 26 beneath the puppet valves 11. The puppet valves 11 are lifted by atmospheric pressure of air circulating freely below iange 9, whenever a partial vacuum is obtained in the carbureter chambers.

When the resilient spring rod 19 has been setto depress the valve tube 13 at a certain pressure according to the speed of the engine, if the engine tends to race or increase its speed due to variation of load the velocity of out-flowing gas from chamber 24 will tend, by impact against the disk 15, to lift the air tube 13 and its associated, valve fluid into the downwardly projecting stem 6 thusv reducing the volume of vapor mixed is lessened, and when by the escape of air through the air orts 14. Manifestly, then, if the richness o the i vapor is reduced the explosive force in the engine will be less and its speed checkedand governed." Simultaneously with the tend-N ency of thevalve 5 to close due to gas-impact against its tube head or disk 15 a volurne of fresh air is forced into the mixing chamber 24 by atmospheric pressure lifting the exposed ends of plunger valves 11, and allowing air to pass ports 26 and the shallow, annular chamber formed in the bottom of the valve case 10.

If the engine is designed to run athigh speed the spring 19 will be set to press down its valve tube 13 to resist a certain impact of gas against the disk 15, and if the engine is to be run slow the tension of thev spring so set for a given speed the least increase will act on the sensitive valve 5 to out down the gasolene and deplete the explosive force of the vapor.

`It will be seen then, that I have provided a device having two separate and distinct' vfunctlons; first,

to generate an explosive vapor, and second, to govern the speed of the engine by automatically varying its explosive efciency, yet the two functions are intimately associated. The principle consists in utilizing the force created by the velocity of the air or explosive mixture going through the inlet pipe or carbureter, to govern the amount of liquid fuel passing to the mixing chamber, allowing at all times the full volume of air to enter engine cylinder through carbureter.

The valves 11 (normally sixteen in number) are round, and of brass or other metal, and from the shortest to the longest are graduated in length and weight on a curved or convex line.

To explain more clearly what is meant by the wei hts of valves being on a concave curve ofg atmosphere pressure, for exampleif the engine is started or running slow, at a given area in inlet, there will bea light vacuum in carbureter; and as the speed of the engine is increased the vacuum increases, but not with the square of speed. It multiplies at a greater rate, as the speed of the engine increases. For instance, say that if engine is running 200 revolutions per minute, there is one-half inch of vacuum in carbureter, if increased to 250 R. P. M. it would be, say inch of vacuum; if 300 R. P. M. it would be 1% inches, if speed is increased to 350 R. P. M.,.the vacuum would be 1i inches, and so on, multiplying at an upward ratio as the speed of the engine increases.. The valves are regulated in graduated weights, so as to lift only as the demand of speed and vacuum requires, as shown by diagram, Fig. 4, allowing a small amount of air at slow speed, and more as speed runs up.

The valves 11 are made to a neatworking fit in valve chamber 10, with slight opening to the suction so as to maint-ain a partial l liquid above crease, raising vis 'greater at one other. `This irregularfmotion will cause a` lso as to give a dash-pot siblea dancing or vibrating movement to the valve. v

It will be seenthat at slow `speed vacuum will be light, hence onlyt-he` smallervor lightest air valves will open, and as the speed of engine increasesythe vacuumfwillinvalves. creases, air tube 13, and down to-and through lower Simultaneously las they vacuum in ports 14, thus carrying through lthe stem to the mixing chamber '24 a'proportionally larger amount of the fuel.y f -1 In the practical operatlon of internal combustion engines, on account of the irregular motion of piston fon each stroke (the piston reachin `its highest velocity 'at about the vmiddle 0% slowing' toward andstopping at end of eac stroke?,

partof strokey than the dancing `or vibrating rupting disk 15, and causean uncertain flow through the valve V5. For this'reason the valve 5 isconnected to' or made' part of the disk or piston of the dash-pot 7, and-fitted effect,.and giving to the valve 5 a gradual openin and closing movement, thus preventing vi ration.` rIlhe potgive's the desired resistance'j- In some instances it is not desired .when governing the engine to have the governor 'close oil :fuelI altogether; but when the enthe minimum load, to reduce vthe ric ness of the4 explosive mixlgine is runnin with ture so that it will barelyignite, assuring at eachcycle yan impulse weakporfstrong ac-y For this pur-1` pose, the governorstop" 17 is placedwabovecordingto load on engine.

the stem of disk 15, and by screwing the tapered end in or out, will regulate the stop-l ping'point of the governor valve.

' The arcuate wall 22' protectsA the yback of the'disk 15 from backiiring o'r" explosions in the inlet pipe, and r ing of vapor or air inthe inlet pipe."

f Having'thus described my inventionywhat- I claim anddesirertc'ls'ecure by Letters Patentis", l. "l `V 1. The combination in acarbu'reten'of a float chamber, affloatada-pted'to riseand fall therein,vv a fuelinlet valve y,controlled by said float, a cover for ,theI float chamber vhaving a horizontal, annular v perforated j flange forming an annular Kopen' channel, a 'central stem ,of thecover ,extendingjthroughfthe ioat i.toward the bottoni of ,theiloat Chamber,

i anair. inlet tube rij-lovable in andlextending .v

' through annular channel, said tube having openings l sage' of the stem,

y "float chamber, a float the larger A or heavier. airy the vapor is l delivered,

to the atmosphere and freely slidablelinre-A the stroke, land ygraduall i y here is a like motion of the fluid in the 1n et or carbureter, hence the' fluid .force motion tothe inter- .r

and below the piston 4in dashlso against the rebound-` said stem andl forming l`a; narrow cylinder having a mixingA chamber above and in communication with the annular pasand means in said cylinder n for.v admitting fresh airthrough the yperfo? .rated flange into the mixing chamber.

2.. The combination in a, carburetor, ,of ya controlled thereby, a cover for` the float n Achamber having an annular channel open to more air will bedrawn through kthe the atmosphere, a central stem on the cover .extending below the surface ofthe liquid in the ,float chamber, an. air tube extending downwardly.. within said stem and formingV therewith a :narrow annular passage, .said tube having openings to admit air into the channel, a superposed cylinder into which spective chambersV formed in said cylinder,

said valves being of different lengths andv capable of being actuated suc-` weights and cessively by the increased vacuum` in the mixing chamber caused byy suction, from an engine.

floatv chamber, a float, an. inlet valve connected with and controlled by the float, acap therein, a fuel valve 3. The combination in a carbureter, ot a.

and valves exposed ,Y

or cover for thefioat chamber having-a 4een- .Y

tral'extension below the surface-of the liquid in .the floatchamber, downwardly within said extension and forming` therewith a narrow annular channel, said tube having openings to admit air. .tov mix with the liquid, and having a diaphragm at its upper end subject to actuation. by the superposed chamber' into moving vapor,` a,

which the mixture is delivered, a rising and `falling governor valvel connected vtoeand 'automatically actuated by the air tubeseatf ing upon ythe lower endof the extension, and,

means for regulating the movement of said valve.

. 4." The combination in a carbureter, fof a` float chamber, a float therein, an inlet valve connected with and controlled by theA float, a cap or cover' for the float chamber having a central extension below the surface of the tending downwardly within saidextension and: forming therewith said tube having .openings to admitan'l to mix` with the liquid, a s into which the mixture is delivered,a valve, means on said tube adapted to'actuatelthe same and close the valve,;said valveseating upon the lower end ofthe'extension, means "forA regulating the movement of said valve, and a dash-pot andzpiston connectedwith an air .tube extending a narrow channel,

uperposed chamber les rio

.liquid in the `float/chamber, an. air tube excap' or cover .for vthe chamber havinga central downwardly extending tube terminating below the uid level in the float chamber, an air inlet passage located concentrically within the tube and forming therewith an annular channel, a valve controlled inlet to the upper end of said tube, openings made through the sides of the tube below the level of the liquid in the float chamber, a valve and regulating means carried by the lower end of said tube controlling the admission of liquid into the annular channel, a vmixing chamber and vapor passage surrounding the upper part of the tube, and a disk or`diaphragm connected to said tube against which the passing vapor acts to control the opening of the last-named valve and govern theamount of fuel chamber.

6. The combination 1n a carbureter, of a passing to the mixing float chamber, a float, a tubular extension downwardly from the top of the float chamber terminating below the fluid level, a centrally located air admission tube forming with the extension an annular channel, said tube having openings communicating .with said channel, a valve at the lower end admitting liquid into the channel, a superposed mixing chamber and vapor outlet, and a disk or diaphragm connected to said tube against which the moving vapor acts to control the opening ot the last named valve.

7. The combination in a carbureter, of a float chamber, a float, a tubular extension downwardly from the top of the float chamber terminating' below the fluid level, a centrally located air admission tube forming with the extension lan annular channel, said tube having openings communicating with said channel, a valve at t-he lower end admitting liquid into the channel, a superposed mixing chamber and vapor outlet, a disk or diaphragm connected to said tube against which the moving vapor acts to control the opening of the lastJ named valve, and a ta-v pering screw movable transversely above the top of the tubular valve stem to regulate the amount of opening of the valve.

8. The combination in a carbureter, of a float chamber, a float, a t-ubular extension downwardly from the top of the float chamber terminating below the fluid level, a eentrally located air admission tube forming with the extension an annular channel, said tube having openings communicating with said channel, a valve at the lower end admitting liquid into the channel, a superposed mixing chamber and vapor outlet, a disk or diaphragm .connected to said tube against which the moving vapor acts to control the opening of the last named valve, atapering screw movable transversely above the top of the tubular valve stem to regulate the amount of opening of the valve, and a spring. acting to normally retain the valve in its open position. Y

9. The combination in a carbureter, of a said channel, a valve at the lower end of said tube for admitting liquid into the channel, a superposed mixing chamber and vapor outlet, supplemental vertically1 disposed air passages opening into the mixing chamber, and cylindrical valves slidable in said passages, said valves being graduated in length and weight corresponding to the degrees of atmospheric pressure caused by the vacuum created in the carbureter at various speeds of the engine.

10. The combination in a carbure-ter through which an engine draws itsl motive fluid, of a liquid-containing chamber,'a cover therefor, a tubular member extending from the cover downwardly int-o the containing chamber below the liquid therein, an air admission tube passing through said tubular member and of a smaller diameter than the latter to provide a channel, a mixing chamber with which said channel connects, said air tube having open connections with the channel below the liquid level in said chamber, and valves controlling the admission of air and liquid to said channel, one of the valves being adapted to control the volume ot air admitted to said tubular member.

11. The combination in a carbureter through which an engine draws its motive fluid, of a containing chamber, a cover therefor, a tubular member extending downwardly from the cover into the containing chamber below the level of the liquid therein, the lower end of said tubular extension being provided with a seat beneath the surface of the liquid, a movable perforated airadmission tube extending through the tubular member and separated from the latter to form an intervening channel within which air and liquid meet, a valve on the lower end of said air tube closable upon said seat, and a disk or diaphragm fixed to the upper part of said air tube and subjected to the impact of the passing vapor and automatically controlling the opening of the said valve.

V12. The combination in a. carbureter, through which an engine draws its motive fluid, of a liquid containing float chamber and a superposed mixing chamber, a cover below the mixing chamber having a tubular extension projecting downwardly into the float chamber below the level therein, and having a `valve seat beneath the liquid, a vertically movable perforated air-admission tube, concentric and forming with the extension an annular channel, within which the air and liquid meet, said tube carrying a liquid controlling valve, a disk or diaphragm fixed to the tube and subjected to the impact of the passing vapor, to kthereby ycontrol the opening of the valve, a' sub- `extension projecting downwardly' into the -lioatchamber below the level therein,'and having avalve seat beneath the liquid, a ver-.7, tioally movable perforated air-admission tube, concentric andforming with the extension an annular channel, within which the air and liquid meet, said tube carr 'ng a liquid controlling valve, a dash-pot p unger .at the lower end of the tube, and-a diskvor diaphragm at the top of the tube subjected to the impact of the passing vapor, said parts co-acting to regulate the admission of liquid, and prevent iuctuating movements of the valve.

14. The combination in a carbureter through which an engine draws its .motive fluid, of a reservoir for liquid fuel, a mixing chamber above the reservoir, amixing stem extending through the mixing chamber, and into `the reservoir below the level of the liquid"contents thereof, a tubular member inclosing the stem having its upper end coni' necting with the mixing chamber, said tubular member having its lower end extending below the level of the liquid contents of the reservoir, a valve on the lower port-ionv of said stem controlling the admission of fluid -to the tubular member, a disk or diaphragm on the upper end of the stem and subject to the impact of the passing vapor, means for admitting air to the stem, said stem -having perforations connecting ,with 'the interior of said tubular membe1f`,vand means for steadyin'g the movement of the first named valve. l ,Y

l5. The combination in a carbureter,- through which an'engine draws its motive.

-iuid, of-a reservoirffor liquid fuel, a mix# ingchamber above the-reservoir, a mixing stem extending through the mixing chamber, and into the reservoir below the level of the liquid contents thereof, a tubular member inclosing the stem having its u per end connecting with the mixing cham er, said tubular member having its lower end exvalve, .and a v witnesses..

tending below the level of the liquid contents of the reservoir, a valve on the lower portion of said stem controlling the admis.-

sion of fluid to the tubular member, a disk Y or diaphragm on the upper end lof the stem and subject to the impact of--the passing vapor, means for. admitting air to the stem, said ,stem having perforationsA connecting' with-the interior of said tubular member, means `for steadying the movement of the first named valve, vand a spring opposing the force of the vapor on the disk at the upper end 'off said stem.

16. The combination in a carbureter through which an engine draws. its motive fluid, of a liquid containing chamber or. conduit, a liquid controlling valve, a disk or a diaphragmconnected to the liquid controllingvalve, on which the disk is mounted, said disk being subject to the impact of the passing vapor to enter the opening of its connected valve, a mixing chamber, a tubular member inclosing the stem and connecting with said mixing chamber, means admitting air to said stem, and means connected with said valve to s teady its movement, and a spring opposing the force of the vapor on said disk or diaphragm, and a device to steady the movements of the valve. `v

17. The combination in an apparatus for supplyinga combustible mixture. to an in` -ternal combustion engine, of a device to controlthe engine supply, said device including a 'liquid lcontrolling valve, yielding means to normally open the valve, and means connected with the; valve and subject to the impact of the passing vapor to close the valve.

18. The `combination in an apparatus forsupplying a combustible mixtureto. an internal combustion engine, ofv a device to control the engine supply, said device inmeans-tol normallyopen t e `'wmlve',.imeans .connectedwith the valve and" subject to the impactcfllthe assing vapor-to close the c device tost'eady the movements 'of the valve. f

In testimony' In v hand in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses: c l

CHAnLns A. PENrmnn, FREDERICH E. Mmmm.

whereof Ihavefhereunto 'Y a tubular perforated mixing stem cluding a liquid controllin valve, yielding roo 

